Understanding Autism

Completed Project

Team
- Peter Bearman Leadership, 2007-2021
- Christine Fountain Leadership, 2018-2021
- Alix Winter
- Keely Cheslack-Postava
Funded by
- National Institutes of Health 2018–2021
- National Institutes of Health Pioneer Award 2007–2012

Understanding Autism is devoted to understanding the factors that have led to the increase in autism prevalence over the last four decades.

Since receiving the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pioneer Award, Incite Institute has made significant progress in ascertaining individual and community-level factors that are associated with an increased risk of autism.

Specifically, among other contributions, we have found evidence that points to new understandings of the expression of risk factors, of the role of de novo mutations in increasing risk, of spatial clustering at birth and diagnosis, which points to social dynamics as underlying risks of diagnosis, and of changes to the diagnostic pathway in relation to intellectual disabilities.

We rapidly expanded our data structures, analyzing new mechanisms associated with increased risk of autism and understanding in greater detail the developmental trajectories of persons with autism. In addition to quantitative data, the project collected life histories from individuals who have children with autism.

Later NIH support was for a project that contributes to public health by building and analyzing a unique population-level dataset designed to assess the association between Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and its subtypes and autism, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy as well as investigate heterogeneity in risk and the factors that may affect the associations. This work better enables individuals and their health care providers to weigh the risks and benefits of ART procedures and to identify potential modifiable risk factors for autism and other developmental disabilities.

Related Works

open website

Peter Bearman, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Christine Fountain, Alix Winter, "Developmental Trajectories of Autism", Pediatrics, August 24, 2023
open website

Peter Bearman, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Christine Fountain, Alix Winter, "The social patterning of autism diagnoses reversed in California between 1992 and 2018", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 8, 2020
open website

Peter Bearman, Ka-Yuet Liu, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Ezra Susser , "Can Sibling Sex Ratios be used as a valid test of the prenatal androgen hypothesis of autism spectrum disorders?", PLOS ONE, October 23, 2015
open website

Keely Cheslack-Postava, Ezra Susser, Kayuet Liu, Peter S. Bearman, "Human Reproduction: Association of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Treatment and Parental Infertility Diagnosis with Autism in ART-Conceived Children", Human Reproduction, October 23, 2015
open website

Peter Bearman, Ka-Yuet Liu, Kinga Makovi, Alix Winter, "The Population Level Impacts of Differential Fertility Behavior of Parents of Children with Autism", Sociological Science, August 10, 2015
open website

Peter Bearman, Sheree L. Boulet, Christine Fountain, Denise J. Jamieson, Dmitry M. Kissin, Catherine Rice, Laura A. Schieve, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, "Does Autism Diagnosis Age or Symptom Severity Differ Among Children According to Whether Assisted Reproductive Technology was used to Achieve Pregnancy?", Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, May 22, 2015
open website

Christine Fountain, Yujia Zhang, Dmitry M Kissin, Laura A Schieve, Denise J Jamieson, Catherine Rice, Peter Bearman , "Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Conception and Autism in California, 1997–2007", May 1, 2015
open website

Peter Bearman, Christine Fountain, Denise J. Jamieson, Dmitry M. Kissin, Catherine Rice, Laura A. Schieve, Yujia Zhang, "Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Conception and Autism in California", American Journal of Public Health, April 8, 2015
open website

Soumya Mazumdar, Ka-Yuet Liu, Ezra Susser, Peter Bearman, "Spatial Clusters of Autism Births and Diagnoses Point to Contextual Drivers of Increased Prevalence", Social Science and Medicine, October 1, 2013
open website

Kayuet Liu, Peter S. Bearman, "Focal points, endogenous processes, and exogenous shocks in the autism epidemic", Sage Journals, September 19, 2012
open website

Ka-Yuet Liu, Peter Bearman, "Focal Points, Endogenous Processes and Exogenous Shocks in the Autism Epidemic", Sociological Methods and Research, September 19, 2012
open website

Soumya Mazumdar, Ka-Yuet Liu, Ezra Susser, Peter Bearman, "The Disappearing Seasonality of Autism Conceptions in California", PLOS ONE, July 30, 2012
open website

Christine Fountain, Alix Winter, Peter Bearman, "Six Developmental Trajectories Characterize Children with Autism", Pediatrics, April 2, 2012
open website

Alan Zarembo, "Autism boom: an epidemic of disease or of discovery?", Los Angeles Times, December 11, 2011
open website

Katherine M Keyes, Ezra Susser, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Christine Fountain, Kayuet Liu, Peter S Bearman, "Cohort effects explain the increase in autism diagnosis among children born from 1992 to 2003 in California", Oxford Academic, December 7, 2011
open website

Christine Fountain, Peter Bearman, "Risk as Social Context: Immigration Policy and Autism in California", Sociological Forum, June 1, 2011
open website

Marissa King, Peter Bearman, "Socioeconomic Status and the Increased Prevalence of Autism in California", American Sociological Review, May 17, 2011
open website

Keely Cheslack-Postava, Ka-Yuet Liu, Peter Bearman, "Closely spaced pregnancies are associated with increased odds of autism in California sibling births", Pediatrics, January 10, 2011
open website

Christine Fountain, Marissa King, Peter Bearman, "Age of diagnosis for autism: individual and community factors across 10 birth cohorts", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, October 25, 2010
open website

Peter Bearman, "Just-so Stories: Vaccines, Autism, and the Single-bullet Disorder", National Institutes of Health, August 17, 2010
open website

Ka-Yuet Liu, Noam Zerubauvel, Peter Bearman, "Social Demographic Change and Autism", Demography, May 1, 2010
open website

Soumya Mazumdar, Marissa King, Ka-Yuet Liu, Noam Zerubavel, Peter Bearman, "The Spatial Structure of Autism in California, 1993-2001", Health and Place, May 1, 2010
open website

Ka-Yuet Liu, Marissa King, Peter Bearman, "Social Influence and the Autism Epidemic", American Journal of Sociology, March 1, 2010
open website

Marissa King, Peter Bearman, "Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism", International Journal of Epidemiology, September 7, 2009
open website

Marissa King, Christine Fountain, Diana Dakhlallah, Peter Bearman, "Estimated Autism Risk and Older Reproductive Age", American Journal of Public Health, September 1, 2009
open website

Peter Bearman, "National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award", National Institutes of Health, August 6, 2009

More Projects

go to Making the X Multiple: “Y the X?”

Making the X Multiple: “Y the X?”
People behind the X in all their complexity, re/generating a spectrum of (gender)queer meanings while challenging gender markers’ essentialist meaning. Part of the Breakdown/ (Re)generation Project
go to NYC Covid-19 Oral History, Narrative, and Memory Project

NYC Covid-19 Oral History, Narrative, and Memory Project
Documenting New York City’s experience of the Covid-19 pandemic. Funded by the National Science Foundation and the Board of Trustees of the American Assembly
go to Averted Lynching Project

Averted Lynching Project
Examining the social, political, and historical conditions that trigger the formation of violent mobs and analyzing factors that deter them.
go to Beyond Memorial

Beyond Memorial
Reclaiming these sites of memorial through publicly-engaged light art. Part of Assembling Voices